1 Corinthians 2:12

Authorized King James Version

Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the spirit which is of God; that we might know the things that are freely given to us of God.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
ἡμεῖς
we
we (only used when emphatic)
#2
δὲ
Now
but, and, etc
#3
οὐ
not
the absolute negative (compare g3361) adverb; no or not
#4
τοῦ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#5
πνεῦμα
the spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#6
τοῦ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#7
κόσμου
of the world
orderly arrangement, i.e., decoration; by implication, the world (including its inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally))
#8
ἐλάβομεν
have received
while g0138 is more violent, to seize or remove))
#9
ἀλλὰ
but
properly, other things, i.e., (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
#10
τοῦ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#11
πνεῦμα
the spirit
a current of air, i.e., breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e., (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital prin
#12
τοῦ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#13
ἐκ
is of
a primary preposition denoting origin (the point whence action or motion proceeds), from, out (of place, time, or cause literal or figurative; direct
#14
τοῦ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#15
θεοῦ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#16
ἵνα
that
in order that (denoting the purpose or the result)
#17
εἰδῶμεν
we might know
used only in certain past tenses, the others being borrowed from the equivalent g3700 and g3708; properly, to see (literally or figuratively); by impl
#18
τοῦ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#19
ὑπὸ
of
under, i.e., (with the genitive case) of place (beneath), or with verbs (the agency or means, through); (with the accusative case) of place (whither (
#20
τοῦ
which
the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in english idiom)
#21
θεοῦ
God
a deity, especially (with g3588) the supreme divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; exceedingly (by hebraism)
#22
χαρισθέντα
the things that are freely given
to grant as a favor, i.e., gratuitously, in kindness, pardon or rescue
#23
ἡμῖν·
to us
to (or for, with, by) us

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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